Menopause and Diabetes Risk

Menopause can increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes due to declining estrogen levels, which affect the body's response to insulin. Endocrinologist Dr. Sheila Cook explains, "At the time of menopause, the estrogen levels go down, and with that, the response to insulin decreases," leading to increased insulin resistance and difficulty in losing weight.

Diabetes Awareness and Diagnosis

More than 1.3 million Australians live with diabetes, but many are undiagnosed. Dr. Cook highlights that about 50% of people with diabetes don’t know they have it. Diabetes occurs when insulin can’t adequately move glucose into our cells, resulting in high blood sugar levels and serious complications. While type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed in young people, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age and particularly around menopause.

Monitoring and Testing

Dr. Cook recommends that women approaching menopause should ask their doctors about the HbA1c blood test, which screens for type 2 diabetes. Those with a family history of diabetes, weight issues, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) should consider regular testing every one to two years.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes During Menopause

Menopause can be particularly challenging for women with type 1 diabetes. Stacey Moragiannis, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age six, noticed erratic blood sugars, sleeplessness, fatigue, and irritability as she entered perimenopause. Her experience underscores the importance of consulting a doctor and exploring treatments like hormone therapy to manage symptoms.

PCOS and Menopause

PCOS affects 8-13% of women of reproductive age and often includes insulin resistance. Dr. Cook notes that women with PCOS are more likely to develop pre-diabetes, especially in their 40s. Elevated testosterone levels, common in PCOS, can persist after menopause, exacerbating insulin resistance and making symptoms more noticeable.

Lifestyle Strategies and Hormone Therapy

Managing menopause and diabetes requires a proactive approach. Dr. Cook recommends lifestyle strategies such as exercise, adequate sleep, and a healthy diet low in sugar and high in protein and healthy fats. Modern forms of hormone therapy, like patches or gels, are safer and can help manage symptoms effectively. "The estrogen we now use goes through the skin, so that comes as a gel or a patch. And it’s very safe," Dr. Cook explains.

Taking Action

Diabetes is a serious condition but can be managed with proper diagnosis and treatment. Dr. Cook emphasizes the importance of talking to a GP about risks and getting diagnosed. "We’ve got good treatments. If you know about it, you can act on it," she says.

Community Support and Awareness

Discussing menopause and diabetes with friends and healthcare professionals can increase awareness and understanding of the body's changes. Stacey Moragiannis advises women to be aware of their bodies and to seek information and support. "Speak to your doctor, speak to your other girlfriends or female work colleagues, get out there and understand what’s going on," she suggests.

Conclusion

The connection between menopause and diabetes highlights the need for greater awareness and proactive management. With proper education, testing, and lifestyle adjustments, women can navigate these changes and maintain their health.