Impact of HIV on Postmenopausal Women's Dental Health: A Study

A study published in BMC Oral Health highlights a concerning link between postmenopausal women living with HIV and an increased risk of tooth loss. This is attributed to the deterioration of the alveolar trabecular bone microarchitecture, a critical finding that adds to the existing challenges faced by women with HIV.

Key Insights from the Study

• Alveolar Bone Microarchitecture Deterioration: Women living with HIV showed greater deterioration in alveolar trabecular bone microarchitecture, leading to more tooth loss compared to those without HIV.

• Use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Despite ART improving periodontal outcomes and life expectancy in people living with HIV (PWH), bone loss remains a significant issue, particularly in postmenopausal women.

• Study Cohort: The study included 135 postmenopausal women, 76 of whom were living with HIV, recruited from the Comprehensive Health Program clinic and the dental clinic at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

Specific Findings

• Teeth Count: Women with HIV had fewer teeth on average compared to those without HIV.

• Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) RANKL Levels: Higher in women living with HIV, indicating more significant bone tissue issues.

• Alveolar Crestal Height (ACH): Greater mean ACH was observed in women living with HIV.

Limitations of the Study

• Small Sample Size: The findings are limited in scope and cannot be generalized to all PWH due to the small sample size.

• Self-Reported Menopause Status: Potential for misclassification due to the lack of confirmation of menopause status.

Implications for Dental Health and HIV Management

The study underscores the need for specialized dental care and monitoring for postmenopausal women living with HIV. It also suggests that current HIV treatments may need to be complemented with targeted therapies addressing bone health.