A Call for Awareness and Action on Women’s Cardiovascular Health

Historically, women’s cardiovascular health has been under-diagnosed, under-researched, and under-treated. Only recently have we begun to understand that women’s cardiovascular biology differs significantly from men’s, who have traditionally been the focus of healthcare research and treatment. Despite heart disease being the leading cause of death for both sexes in the U.S., many women remain unaware that cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses their greatest health threat.

The Hidden Threat of Cardiovascular Disease

Heart disease kills more women than all forms of cancer combined. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 45% of women over age 20 are living with some form of cardiovascular disease. Early health patterns can predict future heart conditions, such as early menstruation, pregnancy complications like preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and early menopause. These factors, alongside common conditions like migraine, polycystic ovarian syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease, significantly increase women’s risk of heart disease.

Routine Screening and Preventive Measures

Cardiovascular screenings should be as routine as mammograms or pap smears. Tools like risk calculators and calcium score tests help predict a woman’s future risk of heart attack or stroke. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, 80% of cardiovascular disease is preventable through lifestyle choices. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive drinking are crucial heart-healthy habits.

Here are six non-negotiable heart-health practices:

1. Acknowledge Pain and Discomfort

Never ignore chest pain or discomfort, which can often be misattributed to less serious conditions like acid reflux or stress. Cardiologists can help determine the true cause, which could range from issues with the arteries to the heart lining. Other potential signs of heart problems include jaw or shoulder pain, tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, sweating, nausea, and sudden exercise limitations. Early intervention is crucial as these symptoms can precede a cardiac event by weeks.

2. Monitor Critical Health Numbers

Starting in your 20s, track the following four key health metrics:

• Blood pressure: Ideal is 120/80 mm Hg; above 130/80 mm Hg is high.

• Cholesterol: A lipid panel measures total cholesterol, LDL (bad cholesterol), HDL (good cholesterol), and triglycerides. Ideal LDL levels are below 100, but below 70 is preferred for those with heart disease, and below 55 for high-risk individuals.

• Blood sugar: An A1C test measures average blood glucose. 5.7-6.4 indicates prediabetes, 6.5 and above is diabetes, and below 5.7 is normal.

• Body mass index (BMI): Though not a perfect marker, a BMI of 18-25 is normal, 25-30 is overweight, and above 30 is obese. Discuss weight concerns with your doctor.

3. Understand Family History

Knowing your family’s cardiovascular health history is essential. A female relative with a cardiac event before 65 or a male relative before 55 suggests a positive family history. Other genetic conditions like heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and elevated lipid levels should also be noted.

4. Recognize Universal Risk

Heart disease does not have a “look.” Even if you are active, eat healthily, and avoid smoking or drinking, you could still develop heart disease. Everyone must consider their risk.

5. Manage Stress and Mental Health

There is a strong link between mental health and heart health. High stress can lead to cardiac events. Managing stress through short breaks, meditation, and regular walks can help. Mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, and PTSD also impact heart health. Seek support from therapists and lean on your support network.

6. Prioritize Sleep

Sleep is crucial for heart health. Conditions like sleep apnea contribute to high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep and maintain good sleep hygiene by creating a cool, dark, and screen-free environment. If sleep issues persist, consult a sleep doctor.

Conclusion

Prioritizing heart health is challenging but essential. From diet and exercise to regular medical check-ups, every small effort counts towards maintaining cardiovascular health. Women must advocate for themselves, seek informed healthcare providers, and stay educated about their heart health. Remember, nurturing and loving your heart is one of the most precious relationships you will ever have.